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75th Anniversary of the First Issue of SPORT Magazine

75th Anniversary of the First Issue of SPORT Magazine

As of this September, it has now been 75 years since the first issue of SPORT magazine hit newsstands across North America. New York Yankees superstar and future husband of Marilyn Monroe, Joe DiMaggio, was debut cover boy alongside his son, "Little Joe." The sports media landscape was a whole different world back in 1946. The first televised baseball game had arrived only seven years prior. Video coverage of the World Series would have to wait another year. Most families didn't have their own TV set in the '40s, and thus many would head to bars and other shared spaces to catch some baseball action. By the end of the decade, televisions were flying off the shelves, and fans across North America were seeing live action previously reserved to ticket holders.  SPORT was also on the cutting edge of sports media at the time. There had been other successful publications before, most notable The Sporting News, which was known then as the "Bible of Baseball." But even by the '40s, few had featured large colour spreads like SPORT. Now-famous photographer Ozzie Sweet took many of the early shots for SPORT, as did other leaders in the trade. The magazine came out monthly, which led to longer, more in-depth articles as well; George Plimpton and Grantland Rice were major contributors.   The timing of SPORT's birth was important for another reason: based out of New York, SPORT was on the pulse of American sport at the time, as the three N.Y.C. baseball teams – the Yankees, Dodgers, and Giants – were reaching great heights. But not only that, the late '40s saw Major League Baseball integrate, and SPORT was on the forefront of reporting on early African-American stars like Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby. Its well-researched, behind-the-scenes pieces allowed fans to better understand, and connect with, these groundbreaking stars. By the '50s, SPORT was so popular that the heads at Time magazine came calling. They made an attempt to buy SPORT out, but, ultimately unsuccessful, Time decided instead to make their own publication, Sports Illustrated, which ended up debuting eight years after SPORT did, in 1954. Meanwhile, SPORT remained relevant in the '60s and '70s, featuring megastars like Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays, Jim Brown, Wilt Chamberlain, Muhammad Ali, and more. By the '80s, however, SPORT began to fade, lacking the financial backing of its competitors. It still ran monthly and featured some notable players of the time, such as Wayne Gretzky and Michael Jordan, but, after seeing ownership switch hands multiple times, by 2000, SPORT's 54-year run came to an end. Today, SPORT lives on through our gallery, as we proudly work to maintain and promote its extensive photo archive. 

The SPORT Magazine Baseball Preview of 1952

The SPORT Magazine Baseball Preview of 1952

Baseball is finally here! The red-white-and-blue bunting has been dusted off and hung. The players – and, thankfully, some fans – are in the building. Hope abounds as we embark on this season’s marathon journey. In honour of this special time, here's a look at SPORT Magazine's baseball preview from 1952. Alvin Dark, "Symbol of the New York Giants," graces the cover.  Today, Dark is best known for taking over as manager for the World-Champion Oakland Athletics in 1973 and bringing them to glory two more times. Back in '52, though, the infielder was getting ready for his sixth season in the bigs and would get his second of three career All-Star nods that coming season. The Giants, still on the East Coast, were perennial National League favourites and often met the Yankees in the World Series. "Wild scrambles for both pennants and the fall of the defending champions are forecast for the coming season. There should be plenty of excitement! This coming season, more than any time since the war, most clubs are looking to a few prominent members to carry the load made unusually burdensome by the loss of players to the service and the scarcity of well-developed farmhands. The retirement of Joe DiMaggio and the recall to active service of Ted Williams are, of course, the most striking signs of the times." A closer look at the preview itself provides an interesting story; Major League Baseball in 1952, much like today, was going through a time of disruption and change. We’ve had the pandemic to contend with, but back then it was war.  As SPORT explains, some key players were lost to service or retirement, so the standouts that did remain were especially integral to their teams. There’s some brilliant colour head shots of these men, some of whom – like Stan Musial – you’ll definitely know. Others, not as much; Irv Noren, anyone? (A Washington Senator at the time, Noren hit .275 over ten years in the bigs and made one All-Star team.) Three former Negro League players – Roy Campanella, Monte Irvin, and Minnie Minoso – feature in the 16-player spread, five years after Jackie Robinson became the first. “Is there a better catcher than Campanella?” the writer asks. “He was picked as the National League’s MVP in 1951 and is our choice as the Dodgers’ most valuable member.” SPORT was a vocal supporter of integration in baseball, right from the start.  Also featured is Gil McDougald, a lesser-known Yankee that we’ve actually written about before. Prior to making New York’s roster, McDougald was a star for the Victoria (B.C.) Athletics! He’s almost certainly the only soul to have gone from Royal Athletic Park to Yankee Stadium, and to have made the cover of SPORT (earlier that year in March). Another piece in this issue of SPORT that sounds as if it could be printed today: “Baseball’s Road Show Must Go On.” In 1952, professional ballplayers were dealing with the wear and tear of Spring Training, which provided much more rudimentary comforts than today, and with regular railway travel between America’s East Coast and Midwestern cities. This was before aviation and wifi came into the mix.  "This is the way it is: The players ship most of their clothes home and live out of suitcases. They seldom see a real bed. In the gruelling series of one-afternoon stands, everything is done on the run [...] Sleeping, if any, is done in the berth of a train that lurches, rolls and jerks. Shaving is accomplished to the tempo of a moving train." Take this issue and apply it to 2021, though, and you feel the weight of the pandemic. One has sympathy for today’s players and how they must deal with quarantines, restrictions, and constant testing. They most likely won’t see their families for months, too. But, as in ‘52, the “show must go on.” *** Once all of the predictive analysis is done, all there’s left to do is study the summer schedule… You love to see the page bursting with games, just as it will do for the 2021 dates. Play ball!

The Story of SPORT Magazine

The Story of SPORT Magazine

Many born in the latter decades of the 20th century – even those that consider themselves sports aficionados – aren't aware of SPORT Magazine and its important role in North American popular literary culture. And that's a shame, because SPORT was a big deal! Does the name ring a bell? Chances are your first thought would be of Sports Illustrated, which is close, but not quite right. SI, first published in 1954, gradually became the go-to sports publication, a title held until recent years, when the print magazine as a concept began to die.  SI was not, however, the first of its kind. There's a long history of sports literature in North America; The Sporting News, for example, debuted in 1886 and quickly became a "bible," especially for baseball fans. But the most direct source of inspiration for SI was not The Sporting News. It was – you guessed it – SPORT Magazine.  SPORT first hit news stands in September, 1946. The inaugural issue included eight full-colour pages – unheard of at the time – and almost immediately rose to over a million in circulation. Unlike The Sporting News before it, or SI after it, which were weekly publications, SPORT came out monthly, which allowed for long-form journalism and expansive photo spreads.  SPORT's groundbreaking use of colour photography, particularly during its first 30 years, captivated a generation of sports fans, many of whom wallpapered their bedrooms with the magazine’s exquisite full-page photos. SPORT used only acclaimed photographers, combining work from its own staffers with that of such acclaimed 20th century freelancers as Ozzie Sweet, Lawrence Schiller, Hy Peskin, and Neil Leifer. It's common to have visitors in our galleries remark on how vivid and sharp our prints are; most assume they've been colourized, or that we've at least made enhancements. This is not the case! SPORT was that ahead of its time. We simply digitize the original negatives and any touch up any marks left over time. The colour is 100% authentic. Aesthetically speaking, SPORT had a lot to work with... Beautiful, timeless uniforms made by hand. Jewel-box ballparks and ad-free hockey boards. No corporate sponsorships. It was a simpler time, before sports became a billion-dollar industry. And then there's the subject matter. The first 10 or 15 years of SPORT's existence came at an excellent time. There were three Major League Baseball teams in New York alone, and the National Hockey League's Original Six was just forming. All-time stars like Joe DiMaggio and Maurice Richard ruled, and the professional ranks were beginning to diversify, thanks to Jackie Robinson. SPORT had an all-access pass and was able to document an unprecedented time in an unprecedented way.  The coverage of Robinson alone justifies SPORT's existence. A forward-thinking publication, SPORT helped to normalize the integration of the national pastime. They gave Robinson three covers, a bold move for the time, and intellectualized the Dodgers' plan. When one of the nation's most popular magazines takes this stance, it soon becomes the norm.  If imitation is indeed the greatest form of flattery, then SPORT received the ultimate compliment with the birth of SI – Time Inc. tried unsuccessfully to purchase the name SPORT but was rebuffed and instead launched SI, copying many of the mainstays that had made SPORT a cultural icon. By the late 1970s, lacking Time's deep pockets, the SPORT franchise began to wobble. Thus ensued a dizzying succession of ownership changes. Gradually SPORT lost its way, its distinctive voice and, eventually, its presence. In August 2000, after 54 years, 647 issues, 10,000 articles and 40 million words, SPORT magazine ceased publication. Shortly thereafter, the magazine assets were acquired by Toronto entrepreneurs. The cornerstone of the acquisition was SPORT’s historic photographic archive of approximately 250,000 images, a collection cited by a renowned U.S. appraiser as "among the most significant resources for 20th century photographic images of American sports figures in the world."Today, those images live on at The SPORT Gallery locations in Toronto and Vancouver, and online. It's a true honour to maintain and promote the legacy of SPORT, given the magazine's historical significance. In addition to being found at our galleries, SPORT's classic photography has been integrated into a range of projects by sports leagues, TV companies and book publishers, including the NFL, NBA, MLB, ESPN, HBO Sports. 

"Jackie Robinson: The Great Experiment"

"Jackie Robinson: The Great Experiment"

The following is a piece on Jackie Robinson by Jack Sher – titled "Jackie Robinson: The Great Experiment" — from the October, 1948 issue of SPORT magazine. It was transcribed by our gallery staff. Enjoy!    There are others of his race in the big leagues now, but of Robbie it will always be said that he was the first. He paved the way for the rest, and he did it not only with his speed and power – but with his heart.   EAST FLATBUSH, in the fabulous borough of Brooklyn, is like many other suburbs of the great cities of America. Two fam­ily brick houses stretch endlessly; housewives perch on porches in the sun, delivery trucks rattle by, and kids play stickball in the streets, their shouts loud and happy, in your ears. We came to a stop on such a street on a late Summer afternoon, in the year 1948. There were five of us in the car: a ballplayer, his wife, their 17-months-old son on the lap of his great-great-grand­mother, and the reporter. As we got out of the car, a woman sun­ning herself on the porch of a house across the street called to the ball­player. "Hi, Jackie! How'd it go today? How's the knee?" "'Hello," the ballplayer waved. "Better, thanks. How are you?" "Fine, fine," the woman an­swered, happy in the sun. The front door was stuck tight, so we all walked slowly around the corner toward the back entrance. At sight of the ballplayer, the kids on the street halted their stickball game and came running. A skinny, pale, bespectacled boy hopped up and down in front of the ballplayer. "Whatsa mattah, the Dodgers lose today, Jackie? Whatsa mattah?". The ballplayer grinned. "We'll get 'em tomorrow," he said. A tiny kid, with crewcut blonde hair, kept circling the ballplayer like a midget auto racing around a track, firing questions at machine­-gun speed. The voices of other youngsters broke in over his. The ballplayer, moving toward the door, answered as many of the questions as he could. The kids were hopped up, their faces alive with excite­ment and awe. "They meet us like this every afternoon," the ballplayer's wife smiled to the re­porter. The great-great-grandmother and her small grandchild walked hand in hand ahead of the ballplayer. He reached down, picked up his son, and we all climbed the stairs and entered the house. The ballplayer and the reporter went into the small, tastefully fur­nished living room. The ballplayer sat by the window, now and then looking down into the street where the kids had resumed their game of stickball. "That's a wonderful bunch of kids," the ballplayer said. "What I'm going to do, eventually, is work with kids. Do boys' work. Maybe it will be with white and colored kids, or colored kids alone, it won't matter." The sun was now low over the roofs of the city. His shadow was long in the room. Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the propo­sition... "Well, the first year was petty tough, wasn't it, Jackie?" the re­porter said. The ballplayer smiled, slightly. "Wasn't as bad as some people made it out to be." With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us... "When you started playing ball for the Kansas City Monarchs," the reporter asked, "did you have any hope then that the barrier would be let down?" "No," the ballplayer said, slowly, "I didn't; not in my lifetime. I was afraid it might take another war before it could happen." That we here highly resolve that these dead shall not hake died in vain; that this nation, under God; shall have a new birth of free­dom... As this is written, it is nearing the close of the 1948 baseball season, the end of the second year of the Great Experiment, testing whether Jackie Robinson, a black ballplay­er, could compete equally on the major-league diamonds of America with players of white skin. These two years that Robinson has played in the big leagues will become, in time, much more than a footnote in baseball history. They mark a major change in the policy of our beloved national game. Today, there are other black ball­players in big-league uniforms. Jackie Robinson is unique in being the first. But he was not alone in this trial: If you were one of the millions who saw him play, that first year, you were also a part of it. You took part in something quite unusual; a test of democracy, not in one of our musty halls of justice, but on the sun-lit baseball fields across the nation. The success of the Robinson experiment did not depend alone on the courage or physical ability of this man in Dodger uniform. Its fate was settled in the minds and hearts of the American baseball fan, the rich in their box seats, the shirt-sleeved guys in the bleachers. The best laid plans of Deacon Rickey could have, at any moment, blown up in his face. In fact, they almost did. This story of the rise of Robinson is not an interpretive yarn writ­ten from the outside looking in. It was gathered from the inside look­ing out, from the workings of the minds of the high executives who guide the destiny of the Dodgers; from afternoons in the locker room with Brooklyn players and those on other teams; from tagging along on part of a road trip; from firing pointblank questions at everyone from the bat boy to Burt Shotton; from time spent with Robin­son, his wife, and his friends. The best way to begin is with a story you haven't heard about Jackie. It explains a great deal about the policy behind the han­dling of Robinson. It was told to me by one of Rickey's front-office executives, who now feels, it is safe to reveal the incident, more than a year after it happened. On a day in December, 1947, a 12­-year-old boy named Eddie Ham­lin threw some gasoline on a bon­fire at a skating rink. He was severely burned from head to foot. By New Year's Day, he was still hover­ing between life and death. His mother was poor, with not enough money to meet the hospital ex­penses. The boy's idol was Jackie Robinson, and the hospital for­warded to the Dodger office a re­quest, that Jackie visit the kid. It seemed like a simple request. A child was struggling for his life and the visit of a ballplayer might help. But it wasn't simple. The meet­ing between Jackie Robinson and the boy, on New Year's Day in a New Jersey hospital, took place in great secrecy. It had to be shielded from the press, and even from the majority of the hospital staff. Robinson talked to the boy and gave him an autographed baseball. A few months later, a picture was sent to Jackie, showing Eddie Hamlin leaving the hospital on crutches. Why all the camouflage? Ball­players have done such things be­fore. To photographers, covering a famous athlete's visit to a sick kid is as routine as snapping an action shot of a double play. But not in the case of Robinson. "Publicizing that visit would have been bad," the executive explained. "It would have been against our carefully worked-out policy on Jackie. We were determined that the public's judgment of Robinson would be decided by what he did on the baseball diamond and in no other way." This took some doing. Only a few men directly connected with Rickey knew about the precautions, the exhausting maneuvering it took to steer through that first perilous year. Only now can some of them be brought into the open. Even before Jackie donned his Dodger suit, gangrene began to appear in the form of poison-pen mis­sives. These were far outnumbered by decent, encouraging letters. The reaction of most would be to ignore the ones containing beefs and threats. But the Dodger brain­trust was wise enough not to do this. "No matter how vile the letter that came to us," the exec told me, "we answered it. We answered all of them. We stated our position on Robinson in polite but firm language and thanked them for writing." The soft answers turned away plenty of wrath. And there were those who were not so much hostile as afraid. There was the manager of the hotel where the Dodgers al­ways stayed in St. Louis, who wrote congratulating Rickey on finding such excellent prospects for 1947, Robinson included. He added that if he cold help "locate" Robinson when the team came to St. Louis, he would be glad to do so. The Brook­lyn management wrote to thank him for the offer and to inform him they had already taken care of locating Jackie Robinson. A pulse was constantly taken, all through Spring training, among fans, players, owners, the public at large. No stone was so small that it was not turned over and inspected. Whatever Branch Rickey felt about prejudice, he was as ada­mant as he was wise in fighting only for the right of Robinson to exist on an equal basis with his fellowmen within the confines of the National League ball parks. All through 1947, whenever Jackie hung up his uniform for the day, he melted into obscurity. He literally got lost. It was rough going. As soon as Jackie became a Dodger, hundreds of organizations besieged the office on Montague Street, seeking the services of Robinson to help elimi­nate racial discrimination. They were all treated equally, but the answer was always "no." There were gripes. Many of the requests were worthy. But if Rickey & Co. had yielded just once, they would have been deluged, with yaks, threats, accusations of everything from try­ing to break down the color line with a quiet, often lonely man. All his life he has walked along a path where the danger signals have always been up. Ever since he came of age, he has been put to the test. "Jackie is a brooder," a Dodger friend of his said, "a Hamlet type. He worries a lot." Like most people who live inside themselves, Robinson doesn't enjoy such comments. To offset this im­pression, he will dig down and trot out the warmth and humor that is buried deep within him. He has a fine sense of humor, but it is diffi­cult for him to show it before strangers. When you first meet him, you can feel this. It wasn't until midseason last year that even the most friendly Dodger players were aware of any fun or wit in Jackie's makeup. The ex­uberant and talkative Carl Furillo was the first to catch it. The out­fielder had been hitting .352, then had slipped down behind Jackie and Dixie Walker, who were clout­ing over .300. "Say, Jackie," Furillo said to him one day at batting practice. "I'm gonna catch you. I'm gonna get hot and pass you up." "Good," Robinson said, blank-­faced, "We need hitters on this ball club." "I'm gonna pass up that Walker, too," Furipo said, excitedly. "Just watch me go!" "Fine," Robinson said, "Then we'll have three of us hitting over .300 and we can sure use that." "You said it!" Carl said, en­thusiastically. Robinson grinned. "But you're not going to do it standing here talking about it all day, Carl," he said. The Dodger who told me this story said that the surprised Furillo stood there open-mouthed. To Jackie, one of the happiest mo­ments in his Dodger career was when the entire ball club was laugh­ing at him. It happened, as he reports in his autobiography, in Chi­cago. In a game against the Cubs, a­ sizzling ground ball hit him in the foot and stopped dead. Robinson thought it had gone through him and looked around wildly, up in the air, all over. The runner scam­pered to second as Reese and Stanky screamed at him to look down. Hugh Casey came into the locker room after the game and stood over Robinson. "Jackie," the big pitcher said, "we're getting you a new glove when we get to Brooklyn." "What am I going to do with a new glove, Hugh?" Jackie asked, puzzled. "We're going to put it on your foot," Casey said, laughing, "you won't even have to bend over for a ball then." As Casey imitated Robinson's bonehead play, the Dodgers rolled around the floor laughing. Jackie was laughing harder than any of them, but for a different reason. That day he knew he belonged to the Bums. It would not be truthful to say that Jackie Robinson has been ac­cepted freely and wholeheartedly by every Brooklyn player. Travel­ing with the team, circulating among the players, it is not difficult to sense which of them still have certain private reservations about Robinson, still cling to conditioned prejudices. It isn't in what they say, but in their attitude, the fear and suspicion in their eyes when you question them about Robinson. These, however, are definitely in the minority. One well-known Dodger regular, a Southerner, was bravely honest about his feelings toward Jackie. "Sure, I like the guy," he said. "He's a good ballplayer and a fine fellow. But I don't want my name used if you say that. You see," he paused, searching for words, "well, lots of my friends down South might get a wrong idea about how I feel. Things I've said about Robinson before have been twisted around. I'm afraid to get mixed up in anything about him." This is the crux of it: Those who had prejudices have grown to like him in spite of them. There's a reason. Jackie has never done any­thing for which he could be disliked. These few ballplayers shy away from complete acceptance of Rob­inson, not on a basis of what they feel themselves, but because of a fear of offending old acquaintances, harming lifelong friendships. It is a strange and sad thing. It is their own potential ostracism they fear. Few of them realize Jackie knows this. But he does. He has made it easier for them by quietly accept­ing it. 14 of the players are com­pletely, unreservedly friendly. Rob­inson plays cards with them on the train, joins in the bull sessions, gets along in a free and easy manner. In Philadelphia and St. Louis, where he is barred from the hotels in which the other players stay, he stops at the homes of friends. Noth­ing has been done to attempt to break down the rules of the hotels in these cities. Nothing will be done. After the great switcheroo, which sent Leo the Large Lung to the Giants and brought Burt Shotton back to the Brooklyns, Jackie was quoted as saying he was happy about the change and would much rather play for Shotton. That quote was a country mile away from the truth. Earlier in the season, Robinson had laid to me, "Durocher is a won­derful manager. He loves to win. He makes us all want to break our backs for him." Robby's eyes lit up and he got as excited as he ever gets. "The way he sometimes talks to us in the clubhouse before a game is absolutely inspirational." The first time Leo brought his Giants over to play the Dodgers, this reporter cornered Jackie on the Brooklyn bench and asked him pointblank if he still felt the same way about the Lip. "Of course I do," Robinson re­plied. "I wouldn't change a word of what I said. Leo is a wonderful manager and that statement you read about my being happy to see him go was absolutely untrue. I never said anything like that." This doesn't mean Jackie would like to have it known that he isn't equally enthusiastic about Burt Shotton. "Shotton is the sort of man you love to play for," he went on. "What I like about him is the way he gets everything over to you in that quiet, confident voice, without ever hurting your feelings. They are both great managers, but totally different. I think my type of player probably does better under a calmer man, such as Barney Shot­ton, but that isn't a criticism of Leo Durocher, who was wonderful to me and a fine manager." As much as Jackie liked Leo and likes Shotton, no one in the Brook­lyn organization is as close to him as coach Clyde Sukeforth and Branch Rickey. The way Robinson feels about the Deacon is akin to hero worship. It isn't based on what the Mahatma has done for Jackie. It stems from an admira­tion for Rickey's philosophy and the way he has lived his life. If the Dodger prexy were to ship Robin­son to the minors tomorrow, Jackie's opinion of Rickey wouldn't be af­fected in the slightest. As one who has taken many a belt at El Brancho for the way he has often put the hug on a dollar, this party has nothing but the high­est praise for his splendid general­ship in the Robinson campaign. He conducted himself in that battle­ and it was more than a light skirmish with the inner courage that comes only from strong con­viction, with decency and with tact and with control. He showed absolute genius in anticipating every stumbling block, sidestepping when caution was valorous, hitting straight into the line when direct­ness would avoid disaster. Where Jackie Robinson could not speak, Rickey spoke for him. He did it well. He knew the man for whom he was speaking. Not many people do know him. Much more has been written about the cause of Robinson, the Jackie Robinson experiment, than about the man. And it should be mentioned that the first black ballplayer to become a major leaguer is not an easy man to get to know. Ask most sportswriters about Joe Louis and they'll tell you yarns about him by the hour. Ask them about Jackie Robinson and they'll say, "Well, he's a great ballplayer and a gentleman." It's true. But a guy sitting in the last row in the bleachers can make that same sort of superficial observation. "No man is an island entire unto himself," wrote the immortal John Donne. And yet Jackie Robinson is, except to a very few, an island entire unto himself, an introvert. The first reaction to almost everyone is what you see physically. Jackie Robinson is a six-foot man, now weighing around 200 pounds. His shoulders are wide, his legs strong and heavy. He walks with his toes turned in, the way fast track men walk, making him appear a little top-heavy. As he moves, he does not give the appear­ance of being a speed merchant, a player who led the league in stolen bases, copping 29 last year. The face Robinson shows to the public is almost always serious. It is sensitive and intelligent, with a high forehead, wide, somewhat brooding eyes; a face with strong, heavy features, a full mouth and determined chin. His smile is not infrequent, but he is rarely given to moments of hearty laughter. And, at the age of 29, there is still some­thing of a boyish quality about him. One of the many false impres­sions circulated about the Dodger second-sacker is that he is an "intel­lectual type," an unusually brilliant man; It isn't true. Robinson doesn't mind telling you this. Because he's a college graduate, his knowledge is much broader than that of most ballplayers. Among those who have had a higher education, he would probably fall somewhere in the middle bracket. He is not a scholar, not at all bookish. He is, in every sense of the word, an athlete. "My mother wanted me to be a doctor or a lawyer," he told me, "but I don't believe I have the sort of mind it would take to become one. At school, I majored in physical education. I never wanted to be anything but an athlete." This should not give you the im­pression that Robinson is unusually modest. He has a pride in what he and his people have been able to do under crushing handicaps. The pride is not grandiose, but it is there and it is intense. The comments about his being overweight and out of shape at the start of the season hurt him. At a Philadelphia night game, a newspaperman strolled over and told Robby that he had looked a little slow at second base the day before. He mentioned a ground ball that he thought Jackie should have grabbed. A quick look of anger came into Robinson's eyes, which was then smothered by a smile. "Maybe," he said, evenly, "but I'd like to see anyone who could have put a glove on that ball." Most ballplayers either would have laughed it off, or tried at great lengths to convince the scribe he was wrong. Robinson seldom does. He keeps bottled up, steers wide of contro­versy. Perhaps it is wise, perhaps not, but it is most certainly painful. Jackie has not always been this way. On the gridiron at UCLA, Robinson was a fiercely competitive, often outspoken player. He was not only a flashy, driving halfback; he was also a scrappy one, quick to de­fend himself and his teammates. He was the sort of player a coach loves, a guy with guts who can dish it out and take it and is never afraid of trouble. In baseball, when this sort of spirit is displayed by a Cobb, a Durocher, or a Stanky, the man is praised for his color and fight. But if Jackie Robinson had brought his hard­-hitting, flamboyant personality on to the diamond it would have been sheer murder. He had to show his ardor in other ways, by his zip on the bases, the ferocity of the way he slugged at a baseball. It may be the best way, but it deprived the fans of seeing Jackie Robinson as he really is, a slashing, sometimes hotheaded, extremely colorful player. If Robinson were a phlegmatic, un­caring type, as he sometimes appears to be, the control he has shown would not be nearly so impressive. But Jackie is far from being a namby­-pamby. He's a highly tuned, flame-­lit athlete, constantly keyed up and intense. After a hard-fought game, Jackie is often unusually quiet, al­most surly. Actually, he's just sim­mering down, cooling off, getting rid of some of the emotions he can't un­leash on a ball field. There isn't much use in repeating the indecent remarks and incidents of Jackie Robinson's first year in big­-league baseball. They have been told before. Robinson handles them cleanly in his book. The retelling of ugly things seldom helps. But sometimes, even in a hateful hap­pening, something emerges so shin­ing and so good that it must be told. The inside of this story is being told here for the first time. Early in April, 1947, as everyone now knows, the first of the attacks on Robinson took place when the Phillies visited Brooklyn. The jockeying from the bench was of the crudest, most stupid kind, taking the form of shouted slurs against Robinson be­cause of his color. Inning after inning, Jackie dug down into hidden reserves and held himself together. Late in the game, a Philadelphia player reached first base. He looked a little worried. Then he spoke to Jackie out of the side of his mouth. "I don't feel good with these guys today," he said. "Some others don't, either. I just want you to know that I haven't been yellin' anything. Now don't let 'em get you down." Those few words went into Jackie more sharply than any of the insults. They were hoarsely muttered, but they were beautiful, strength-giving words. "Life for me ain't been no crystal stair," wrote Langston Hughes, the black poet. This could also be said of the childhood of Jack Roosevelt Robinson, born in Cairo, Georgia, on January 31, 1919, the youngest of five children, whose parents were destitute sharecroppers. A year after Jackie's birth, his father was buried in the red clay of Georgia, leaving to Mollie Robinson the heritage of the poor children and a hope for work. It is still somewhat unbelievable to Jackie that his mother was not only able to feed and clothe her young, but also get together enough money to move her family to Pasa­dena, California. She did this when Jackie was only 13 months old. That journey West was the only rest Mollie Robinson had while her chil­dren were growing up, if you can call that sort of a trek with five children a rest. Southern California was no lotus land for the Robinsons. "My mother worked hard," Jackie said, "terribly hard. She did heavy manual labor kind of hard work, driving herself so she could help us get a decent education." The kids pitched in, all of them working at odd jobs as soon as they were old enough to run around. Jackie worked after school hours. He carried a shoeshine box, sold hot dogs at sporting events, ran errands, peddled newspapers. He was large for his age and the fastest-traveling boy in the neighborhood. Jackie's hero then was his older brother, Matt, a promising track star who later made the 1936 Olympic team. It took the great Jesse Owens at his best to beat him in the 200. The fame and prestige that Matt Robinson earned was a large factor in Jackie's desire to become an athlete. Young Robinson's grammar school days were not particularly happy ones. The depression was in full swing and the family felt it severely. "I remember 1932 very well," Jackie said. "That was our worst year. There were many times that year when there was barely enough to eat." By the time Jackie entered Muir Technical High in Pasadena, the roughest of the lean days were over. The bread lines had vanished. When he was a senior at Muir, the local sportswriters began to talk it up about a "speedy, all-around athlete named Jackie Robinson." There was only one way Robinson could afford to go to college and that was by getting odd jobs to help pay his way through. He worked all during the time he attended Pasa­dena Junior College and UCLA. "I was offered an athletic scholarship and a part-time job from a great many other schools, too," Robinson explained, "but I chose UCLA be­cause I planned to get a job in Los Angeles after I completed my education. I figured I'd have a better chance of getting one if I went to a local university." Robinson's days at the University of California in Los Angeles were among the happiest in his life. There was little, if any, discrimination at the school. Jackie enjoyed the usual attention and accolades that are dropped on top-flight college ath­letes. One year he averaged 12 yards every time he carried a football. He became the leading ground-gainer in the United States. In basketball, he was high scorer in the Pacific Coast League. In track, he broke the con­ference record in the broad jump against the best stars in the Mid­west's Big Nine. The records are fine to look back on. There are many more of them. Yet, nothing Robinson did was as im­portant to his future as his meeting a girl one afternoon on the campus. She was a girl majoring in nursing, an honor student, and her name was Rachel Isum. "I could count on the fingers of one hand the number of girls I went out with before I met Rachel," Jackie said. "She's been the most important and helpful and en­couraging person I've ever known in my life." Rachel is an extremely beautiful and intelligent girl. And with wis­dom and patience, foresight and courage, she has, almost from the moment she met him, devoted herself completely and unselfishly to bring­ing out the best there is in Robinson as a man and an athlete. Before meeting Rachel, there was a good deal of bitterness and hot temper in Jackie Robinson's make­up and with plenty of reason. While Jackie was in his first year at UCLA, a car in which he and some of his friends were riding bumped into one driven by a white man. There was an argument. The police arrived and took the boys to jail. No questions asked, they booked them for suspicion of robbery! A coach at UCLA and some other friends finally arrived at the police station and assured the law that Jackie and his friends could not possibly have been guilty of the charge. The police let them go, but not before Jackie agreed to forfeit a $25 bond. Injustice of this sort is not easily forgotten. Robinson had lived a wholly exemplary life. He had never indulged in drinking, not even smok­ing. His moral character had been unquestionably above reproach. That incident earned him a reputation as a troublemaker. Things like that were rankling him when he met Rachel Isum. Rachel and Jackie went together all through college. She was more than just a girlfriend. She was his closest companion, his adviser, the firm rock against which he dashed all the problems that beset him. She gave him advice not only when he asked for it, but when he needed it. She has stuck with him through every storm he has ridden out, and she is the most important single human being in the world to him. Robins speaks of spring train­ing for Montreal as the most heartbreaking and crucial period of his life. Here was not only the press­ure of breaking into organized base­ball for the first time, but being put to the test in Florida, being subjected to every manner of public insult and humiliation. Rachel was by his side through all of it. "I couldn't have made it without her," Robinson says, simply. It would have been disastrous for Robinson if he had not married this girl. It almost happened. She waited for him through the war. He went to Fort Bragg, where he became a cavalry officer. Incidentally, Pete Reiser was playing on the Fort Bragg baseball team. Jackie wanted to go out for it. He was told that colored players were not allowed on white teams. When Robinson came home from the Army he was not at all sure what he wanted to do. Rachel felt then there was little future for him as an athlete. He was 25 years old. His only opportunity to make any real money was in professional football axed; at best he would be good for only five or six years. Rachel almost broke their engage­ment when Jackie told her he was going barnstorming with the Kansas City Monarchs, a Negro League team. "She had plenty of reason to quit me then," Jackie smiled. "There isn't much of a future playing with these Negro clubs. The life is rotten. You're always on the go, eating bad food, sleeping in poor hotels, playing at night, and keeping irregular hours. The pay is small and it's really miserable deal." The reason Rachel finally gave in was Jackie's promise that he'd stay with the team only a very short time. She knew he needed the money to help his mother. So Jackie went with the Monarchs. Clyde Sukeforth, scouting for the Dodgers, and under Rickey's instruc­tions, picked him up in August of 1945 in Comiskey Park on Chicago's South Side. The rest is history. No matter how you felt, for or against, you were amazed when you read that Jackie had been signed for a tryout with Montreal, the Dodger farm club. You could not possibly have been as stunned as Jackie Rob­inson was. Sukeforth had to talk long and convincingly before Robin­son would believe that Rickey's offer was serious. Jackie made it at Montreal. He came very close to a nervous break­down doing it. "Near the end of the season," he said, "my nerves were pretty ragged. I guess I hadn't real­ized I wanted to make good so badly. I sort of went to pieces." Rachel got him away for four days. He loafed around, played a little golf, forgot for the time that baseball had become a life-or-death thing to him and to his people. Jackie came back to Montreal and finished the season on the shoulders of a wildly appreciative throng of baseball fans. Montreal won the "Little World Series" against Louis­ville and it was Robinson who crossed the plate with the winning run. And to Sam Maltin, reporter for the Pittsburgh Courier, the reception Jackie Robinson got at the end of the game, the surging jubilant crowds around the ballplayer, with tears streaming down his face, was something he would not soon forget. "They couldn't fail to tell others down South about the riot," Maltin wrote, "the chasing of a black man not because of hate but because of love." The Great Experiment was half won. One of the most annoying things to Jackie Robinson, which he can't quite understand, is the way some fans and sportswriters compare him with other black ballplayers who are now being given a chance in organized baseball. "If they only knew how much I was pulling for these guys to make good!" he said, shaking his head slowly. Off the field, the Robinsons live a quiet life. They have been to two night clubs in the two years Jackie has been with the Dodgers. Rachel struggles fiercely to get Jackie to take her dancing occasionally, but he does enjoy plays and movies. His greatest passion is golf, and he jokes about his wife hiding his clubs to keep him off the course. He shoots in the low 80's, which he doesn't seem to think is very newsworthy. The enthusiasm with which some of his race regard Robinson's feats on the ball field are often painful and embarrassing to Jackie. A base hit by Robinson, or even a very ordi­nary piece of action, will sometimes bring on an over-enthusiastic re­action from sections of the black fans. Jackie wishes that it wouldn't. But he understands, as everyone should, how closely many of his people identify big good fortune with their own. It is as though what he is doing, they are doing themselves. The fans in Flatbush have always been strong for Robinson. It will take a lot to shake their feeling. He proved to them last year that he was something more than a great, individual star. He proved that he was a team player, that the Dodgers' record as a club was what really mat­tered to him. When Jackie reported for Spring training this year, overweight and sluggish, the disappointment of play­ers, fans, and friends was to be expected. Explanations for Robin­son's condition were in order. But they did not come from Jackie. They came from an objective, impersonal man in the Dodger front office. "When Jackie left us after the Series," he said, "he was, for the first time, free to take any and all offers to make some money. He spent a lot of time traveling around the country making personal appearances. Sitting in dressing rooms between shows, not being able to get out and keep in shape, made it hard for him to get back in condition. I don't blame him a bit for accepting the engagements. He, as well as any other athlete, has the right to cash in on his success while the picking is good." Here was nothing "out of shape" about Jackie once the season was well started. Late in July, when the Dodgers caught fire and traveled from seventh to second place, it was the big bat of Jackie Robinson, boom­ing out hits day after day, driving in runs and spark-plugging the team, that started the boys on the glory road. The majority of fans along the Gowanus Canal will tell you that as Robinson goes, so go the Dodgers. As far as Jackie himself is con­cerned, he thinks he's approaching his prime as a ballplayer. But he doesn't think he'll quite reach the peak next year. What Jackie has done already will last as long as the players of his race send ringing hits into the stands and flash on speedy legs along the base­-paths. For he was the first. The Great Experiment is over. Jackie made it succeed. Now he can go on, with more freedom of action every year, to carve his name along­side the great players who were measured on merit alone, on the per­centage of chances fielded cleanly, hits made, home runs, bases stolen. Jackie Robinson is, of course, a credit to his race. That's the thing you always say, isn't it? But let it also be said that those of white skin who, with hope and action, sup­ported the cause of giving a black ballplayer a fair chance to prove himself, are also a credit to their race.

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